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Camp with Klondikers and supplies on the summit of Chilkoot Pass looking north, 1897-1898


Boats caught in ice jam at Whitehorse Rapids, Yukon River, with tent encampment in background, ca, 1895-1897


Boat navigating the Whitehorse Rapids on the Yukon River, ca. 1898


Aurora borealis over Dawson, ca. 1907




Gold mining operation showing miners using gold pan and a sluice, location unknown, ca. 1898


Gold miner hoisting a bucket with a windlass at a claim near Dawson, Yukon Territory, March 1900



Gold miners working a sluicing operation, with tents and a cemetery in the background, Nome, Alaska, ca. 1900


Woman and young boy using rocker to mine for gold on a Nome beach, Alaska, ca. 1900. Photographer Hegg, Eric A., 1867-1948



Four plates of gold and dirt on a table, Alaska, ca. 1907


Henry and Inga Kolloen with unidentified man weighing gold with scales at the Jo Jo Hotel, Gold Run Creek, Dawson, Yukon Territory, ca. 1900
Henry and Inga Sojolseth Kolloen were Norwegian Americans who left Seattle in 1898 to seek gold in Alaska during the Gold Rush. The couple traveled separately to the Yukon Territory, where they were unsuccessful in finding gold. The couple then apparently settled down to run the Jo Jo Hotel located on Gold Run Creek in Dawson


Group of men with dogsleds returning from a hunting trip near Dawson, Yukon Territory, April 1900


Fishermen standing near a canoe with their catch of King salmon, Yukon Territory, ca. 1900


Dogsled team near Dawson, Yukon Territory, 1900


Crew trying to break up ice floes near the steamship LOUISE 62 miles south of Dawson, October 16, 1903


Alaska Commercial Company steamboat BELLA at shore with men and supplies preparing to leave Circle City for Dawson, ca. 1895-1897


Mrs. G.I. Lowe's laundry, Yukon Territory, ca. 1898. Photographer Hegg, Eric A., 1867-1948
Woman standing in doorway of permanent tent structure. Sign above reads ""Mrs. G.I. Lowe's laundry. Mending free of charge"", sign on front of building reads ""Fortunes told $1"". Caption on image: ""Fortunes told while your clothes are washed""


Florence Hartshorn on horseback in front of log restaurant, Log Cabin, White Pass Trail, 1898
Florence Hartshorn arrived in Skagway July 1, 1898, and went to join her husband, Albert Hartshorn, at Log Cabin in the Yukon, where he had a blacksmith shop. Bert and Florence saw first hand the abused and exhausted horses and pack animals used to transport goods over White Pass. Florence never forgot the approximately 3,000 pack animals that died on that journey, most at a location named Dead Horse Gulch. In July 1928, she began working with the Alaska Division of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce and the Ladies of the Golden North to raise money for a memorial to those animals to be placed at Dead Horse Gulch. On August 24, 1929, the memorial was dedicated. It reads, "The Dead Are Speaking - In memory of us three thousand pack animals that laid our bones on these awful hills during the Gold Rush of 1897-1898. We now thank those listening souls that heard our groans across this stretch of years. We waited but not in vain."

Both Florence and Albert Hartshorn were born in Michigan in 1869. They had one daughter, Hazel Hartshorn Goslie. Florence worked as a photographer's assistant to E.J. Hamacher in the Lake Bennett area beginning around 1898. The family appear to have lived in Canada until the 1920s. By 1930, Florence and Albert were divorced. Albert was living in Idaho and Florence was living in Seattle.

Log Cabin, a day's walk from Bennett, developed as a major settlement in the first winter of the rush. In the fall of 1897, Thomas Tugwell and his son erected the grandly-named "British Hostelry" there. The pair of squat log buildings faced the trail, hugging the rocky ground and providing only minimal head room; patrons were clearly expected to remain seated during meals. The British Hostelry offered rooms and meals to travellers, and office space to a variety of entrepreneurs. A collection of tents sprang up on both sides of Tugwell's buildings. Storage, a general store, several suppliers of feed and outfits, even a bakery, were housed here. By spring, 1898, the community stretched haphazardly across a low ridge and boasted a large number of tent hotels, almost all with restaurants. Accommodation was basic, usually just a rough lumber cot. Log Cabin became a designated customs point that summer. Railway construction further increased the community's already booming businesses.

Traffic, like a wide, muddy stream in flood, flowed past the front of these establishments day and night. A well-travelled path meandered across the ridge among the huge stacks of hay bales, outfits awaiting customs clearance, piles of cordwood and building materials, and heaps of sacks containing everything from flour to roulette wheels. People on the move, amid yelping and barking dogs, haggled for a good price on new outfits or additional feed, while heavily-loaded sleighs pulled by straining horses crunched through the frozen mud of the trail. The noise, smells, and activities made for a lively scene.

As trail conditions deteriorated in the spring thaw, traffic through the White Pass ground to a halt. Freight hauling was limited to nighttime, when frost firmed the trail surface. With supplies cut off from the coast and outfits broken up for transport and storage, anxious stampeders began stealing from each other. Petty theft of flour, pork, and staple groceries in the Log Cabin area reached serious proportions in the early summer of 1898. The spring thaw altered Log Cabin's oasis-like nature. Many people found their previously comfortable camps inundated with murky ice-cold water as the snow melted into an unsanitary swamp.


Grand opening of the North American Transportation & Trading Company's department store in Dawson, Yukon Territory, October 21, 1899


Crowd at Dawson waterfront gathered in front of a docked steamer, ca. 1901


Gambling house interior showing men crowded near a gaming table, Dawson, May 31, 1901


First masquerade ball for the benefit of the fire department given by the ladies of Dawson, Yukon Territory, October 23, 1898. Photographer Hegg, Eric A., 1867-1948


Birthday party for Sweet Marie in Dawson, Yukon Territory, ca. 1900


Social scene showing interior of parlor, Dawson, Yukon Territory, ca. 1898. Photographer Hegg, Eric A., 1867-1948


Group of men on plank sidewalk outside of a restaurant, identified as the Soapy Smith Gang, Skagway, ca. 1897
The lure of gold brought more than honest miners and foolish adventurers to the North. It also brought con men, thieves and opportunists who got rich by preying on gullible miners. Notorious among them was Jefferson "Soapy" Smith, whose gang of over 100 ruffians ruled Skagway in 1897 and 1898. He ran crooked gambling halls, freight companies that hauled nothing, telegraph offices that had no telegraph link, even an "army enlistment" tent where the victim's clothes and possessions were stolen while a "doctor" gave him a physical. His men met newcomers at the docks posing as clergymen, newspaper reporters, knowledgeable old-timers and freight company representatives. After sizing up a fellow with a fat wallet, they would direct him to one of Soapy's bogus businesses or mark him for a later robbery.


Group of men outside City Hall, vigilantes preparing to go after the Soapy Smith Gang, Skagway, 1898
Soapy met his end when he and his thugs fleeced a miner of $2,800 in gold. The miner, instead of slinking away beaten, fired up the citizens of Skagway who formed a vigilante committee headed by Frank Reid, a civil engineer. Reid stood up to Soapy and shot him in the heart, but was fatally wounded in the shootout.


Eskimo berry pickers showing three women and boy in street with pail full of berries, Nome, ca. 1904


Miss Gracie Robinson, Dawson, Yukon Territory, ca. 1898. Photographer Hegg, Eric A., 1867-1948
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